Shortness of breath nursing diagnosis

Nursing Diagnosis: Acute Pain related to decreased myocardial blood flow as evidenced by pain score of 10 out of 10, verbalization of pressure-like/ squeezing chest pain (angina), guarding sign on the chest, ... generalized weakness, and shortness of breath upon exertion.

Shortness of breath nursing diagnosis. Breathlessness: Summary. Breathlessness is a subjective, distressing sensation of awareness of difficulty with breathing. Breathlessness can be classified by its speed of onset as: Acute — when it develops over minutes. Subacute — when it develops over hours or days. Chronic — when it develops over weeks or months.

A nurse is developing nursing diagnoses for a patient. Beginning with the first step, place in order the steps the nurse will use.1. Observes the patient having dyspnea (shortness of breath) and a diagnosis of asthma.2. Writes a diagnostic label of impaired gas exchange.3. Organizes data into meaningful clusters.4. Interprets information from ...

Shortness of breath that comes on suddenly (called acute) has a limited number of causes, including: Anaphylaxis. Asthma. Carbon monoxide poisoning. Cardiac tamponade (excess fluid around the heart) COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) — the blanket term for a group of diseases that block airflow from the lungs — including …A nursing diagnosis is a professional judgment rendered by a nurse in order to determine nursing interventions to achieve outcomes, NANDA International explains. A nursing diagnosi...Nursing Diagnosis: Ineffective Breathing Pattern related to hypoxia as evidence by shortness of breath with activity, use of accessory muscles, O2 saturation of 85%, and …Atrial fibrillation is the most common type of heart arrhythmia. It is due to abnormal electrical activity within the atria of the heart causing them to fibrillate. Is characterized as a tachyarrhythmia, which means that the heart rate is often fast. This arrhythmia may be paroxysmal (less than 7 days) or persistent (more than 7 days). Due …Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a common, preventable, and treatable disease that is characterized by persistent respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation that is due to airway and/or alveolar abnormalities, usually caused by significant exposure to noxious particles or gases. As with previous editions, the 2018 Global ...What nursing diagnosis would be most appropriate for the nurse to identify?, A client admitted for a surgical procedure tells the nurse, "I am very worried because I am allergic to latex. ... A client has been admitted with symptoms of shortness of breath on exertion, edematous lower extremities, extreme fatigue and high blood pressure. Which ...

A nurse is developing nursing diagnoses for a patient. Beginning with the first step, place in order the steps the nurse will use.1. Observes the patient having dyspnea (shortness of breath) and a diagnosis of asthma.2. Writes a diagnostic label of impaired gas exchange.3. Organizes data into meaningful clusters.4. Interprets information from ...While nursing diagnoses serve as a framework for organizing care, their usefulness may vary in different clinical situations. ... Impaired Physical Mobility related to obesity as evidenced by shortness of breath with activity, difficulty in standing or walking for prolonged periods, and reliance on others for assistance in mobility.The evaluation of the respiratory system includes collecting subjective and objective data through a detailed interview and physical examination of the thorax and lungs. This examination can offer significant clues related to issues associated with the body’s ability to obtain adequate oxygen to perform daily functions. Inadequacy in respiratory function …Find the best online master's in nursing administration online with our list of top-rated schools that offer accredited online programs. Updated June 2, 2023 • 0 min read thebestsc...Subjectives. This condition of impaired spontaneous ventilation can present with many different subject symptoms. These typically include a feeling of shortness of breath, dizziness, fatigue, confusion and anxiety. Other related physical symptoms may consist of chest pain, labored breathing, tachypnea (rapid breathing) and cyanosis (blue ...Nursing Diagnosis for Anemia. The following are some nursing diagnoses that may be suitable for patients with anemia: Fatigue is related to the decreased oxygen-carrying capacity of red blood cells. Ineffective breathing pattern related to shortness of breath and decreased oxygen levels.End of life care can be provided in a variety of settings, including at home, in a hospital, or in a hospice. Nursing care involves the support of the general well-being of our patients, the provision of episodic acute care and rehabilitation, and when a return to health is not possible a peaceful death. Dying is a profound transition for the ...

Abstract. This chapter addresses the fundamental nursing in managing breathlessness. Every nurse should possess the knowledge and skills to assess patients holistically, to select and implement evidence-based strategies, to manage breathlessness, and to review the effectiveness of these to inform any necessary changes in care. Jul 25, 2022 ... How do you pick the best nursing diagnosis?! https://youtu.be/60E7ESDiGco Free Nursing Care Plans ...Dec 28, 2023 · Related to: As evidenced by: pain, increased lung compliance, decreased lung expansion, obstruction, decreased elasticity/recoil: dyspnea, tachypnea, use of accessory muscles, cough with or without productivity, adventitious breath sounds, prolongation of expiratory time, increased mucous production, abnormal arterial blood gases Dyspnea, or breathing discomfort, is a common symptom that afflicts millions of patients with pulmonary disease and may be the primary manifestation of lung …Apr 30, 2024 · Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a common, preventable, and treatable disease that is characterized by persistent respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation that is due to airway and/or alveolar abnormalities, usually caused by significant exposure to noxious particles or gases. As with previous editions, the 2018 Global ... 2. Medical Diagnosis Cough; Shortness of breath; Wheeze. 4. Pathophysiology. Asthma is a common chronic disorder of the airways that involves a complex interaction of airlow obstruction, bronchial hyperresponsiveness and an underlying inlammation Secondary Medical Diagnosis

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Everyone has a story about a nurse from Kerala. Whether you live in India or abroad, whether you’ve checked into a hospital as a patient or dropped in as a visitor, chances are you...Back Orthopnea What Is It, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and More. Author: Georgina Tiarks. Editor s: Alyssa Haag, Józia McGowan, DO, Kelsey LaFayette, DNP, RN. Illustrator: Jessica Reynolds, MS. Copyeditor: David G. Walker. Modified: 14 Jul 2022. What is orthopnea? Orthopnea is a medical term to describe shortness of breath that occurs …Written by. Maegan Wagner, BSN, RN, CCM. Acute respiratory failure occurs when there is inadequate oxygenation, ventilation (carbon dioxide elimination), or both. It can be classified as hypoxemic or hypercapnic. Hypoxemic respiratory failure describes inadequate oxygen exchange between the pulmonary capillaries and the alveoli.Anemia is a condition where a patient has a below normal level of red blood cells. This can cause symptoms like fatigue, dizziness, weakness and shortness of breath.Dec 28, 2023 · Related to: As evidenced by: pain, increased lung compliance, decreased lung expansion, obstruction, decreased elasticity/recoil: dyspnea, tachypnea, use of accessory muscles, cough with or without productivity, adventitious breath sounds, prolongation of expiratory time, increased mucous production, abnormal arterial blood gases About this Symptom Checker. When to seek medical advice. Shortness of breath that can't be explained by rigorous exertion or exercise requires a prompt, accurate diagnosis. …

Through these nursing diagnoses, an effective nursing care plan can be formulated to provide optimal and individualized nursing care. However, here are some examples to consider: Activity Intolerance related to chronic respiratory conditions (e.g., COPD) as evidenced by shortness of breath during minimal physical exertion, use of accessory ...Jun 21, 2017 · Types of interventions. We will include interventions targeting respiration to relieve breathlessness according to the following prespecified categories. Breathing training or breathing control exercises (e.g. diaphragmatic breathing, pursed lip breathing, body position exercises, respiratory muscle training). Dyspnea ( shortness of breath) upon exertion or lying down. Jugular vein distention (JVD) Fatigue and reduced ability to exercise. Peripheral edema (swelling of …1. Maintaining Patent Airway Clearance. 2. Promoting Effective Gas Exchange & Oxygen Therapy. 3. Improving Breathing Pattern Through Breathing …Shortness of breath treatment depends on the underlying cause and duration of symptoms. Once that is determined, you and your physician can work together to create a treatment plan. If obesity or poor health is the cause, you will need to make lifestyle changes to manage your shortness of breath. Maintaining a healthy diet and exercising ...Dyspnea, also known as shortness of breath, is a patient's perceived difficulty to breathe. Sensations and intensity can vary and are subjective. It is a prevalent symptom impacting millions of people. It may be the primary manifestation of respiratory, cardiac, neuromuscular, psychogenic, or systemic illnesses, or a combination of these. Dyspnea on exertion is a similar sensation. However ...Dyspnea (shortness of breath) is the sensation of having trouble breathing. It is a symptom of many lung and heart conditions and can be acute or chronic.Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a group of lung diseases that make it increasingly difficult to breathe. Learning more about what this condition involves can help y...Among adults without reported COPD, the 3 respiratory symptoms indicating COPD (chronic cough, phlegm or mucus production, shortness of breath) were …Nursing Diagnosis. Decreased cardiac output related to blood flow obstruction as evidenced by fatigue, shortness of breath, and right heart strain. Goal/Desired Outcome. Short-term goal: The patient remains hemodynamically stable overnight with a reduction in chest pain and shortness of breath by the end of the shift.Signs and Symptoms of Ineffective Airway Clearance. Abnormal breath sounds (e.g., crackles, wheezes, rhonchi) Abnormal respiration (rate, rhythm, and depth) Dyspnea or difficulty breathing. Excessive secretions. Hypoxia / cyanosis. Ineffective or absent cough. Orthopnea.Case Presentation. The patient is a 60-year-old white female presenting to the emergency department with acute onset shortness of breath. Symptoms began approximately 2 days before and had progressively worsened with no associated, aggravating, or relieving factors noted. She had similar symptoms approximately 1 year ago with an acute, chronic ...

-assigning clinical cues -defining characteristics -diagnostic reasoning -diagnostic labeling, A nurse is developing nursing diagnoses for a patient. Beginning with the first step, place in order the steps the nurse will use. 1. Observes the patient having dyspnea (shortness of breath) and a diagnosis of asthma. 2.

Nursing Diagnosis: Acute Pain related to decreased myocardial blood flow as evidenced by pain score of 10 out of 10, verbalization of pressure-like/ squeezing chest pain (angina), guarding sign on the chest, ... generalized weakness, and shortness of breath upon exertion. When symptoms are present, they often develop suddenly. 1 The most common symptoms associated with a pneumothorax are shortness of breath and chest pain. 1,4 Patients will often describe the chest pain as severe, sharp, and stabbing. 1 They may also report chest pain that radiates to the shoulder and arm. 1 If the patient has an open wound, the ... Do you know how to get your nursing assistant renewal certification? Learn how to get your renewal certification in this article from HowStuffWorks. Advertisement As the elderly po...US president Donald Trump's Covid-19 diagnosis creates uncertainty for financial markets Stock markets from Tokyo to Sydney fell after US president Donald Trump and his wife Melani...2. Monitor breath and heart sounds. Patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) will present with shortness of breath and may have a cough with blood-tinged sputum due to pulmonary congestion. Upon assessment, the nurse will likely hear “wet” breath sounds (crackles). An S3 gallop signifies significant heart failure. 3. NANDA Nursing Diagnosis Definition. Ineffective breathing pattern, according to NANDA (North American Nursing Diagnosis Association), is defined as a decreased oxygenation level and airway obstruction due to complications from certain medical conditions, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, bronchitis, congestive heart ... Dec 28, 2023 · Related to: As evidenced by: pain, increased lung compliance, decreased lung expansion, obstruction, decreased elasticity/recoil: dyspnea, tachypnea, use of accessory muscles, cough with or without productivity, adventitious breath sounds, prolongation of expiratory time, increased mucous production, abnormal arterial blood gases Dyspnea (pronounced “DISP-nee-uh”) is the word healthcare providers use for feeling short of breath. You might describe it as not being able to get enough air (“air hunger”), chest tightness or working harder to breathe. Shortness of breath is often a symptom of heart and lung problems. But it can also be a sign of other conditions like ...

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May 11, 2022 · Dyspnea: when a patient experiences a shortness of breath. Orthopnea: when a patient has a more challenging time breathing while lying down. Tachypnea: characterized by shallow breathing, this is when the patient takes short and fast breaths. Similarly, hyperventilation, when the patient takes deep, fast breaths, is a sign. Dyspnea often called shortness of breath (SOB), is used to describe difficult or labored breathing often with an increased respiratory rate. Shortness of breath is not a disease but a symptom. Dyspnea can be acute or chronic depending on the causative factor. Related factors include: Shortness of breath (SOB) is the feeling of running out ... Nursing Diagnosis: Decreased Cardiac Output related to alterations in rate, rhythm, and electrical conduction secondary to fluid overload as evidenced by increased heart rate, changes in blood pressure, decreased urine output, extra heart sounds, edema, and shortness of breath. Desired Outcome:Skills: pursed-lip breathing and diaphragmatic breathing, to be used as strategies to manage shortness of breath; heart rate, dyspnea, and oxygen saturation monitoring during exercise sessions. • Shortness of breath • Self-efficacy • Functionality • All three intervention groups improved self-efficacy for walking after treatment. •The most common causes of acute shortness of breath include: Respiratory tract infections, such as bronchitis or pneumonia. These infections usually cause other symptoms, such as fever, cough, or coughing up sputum or mucus. (See "Patient education: Pneumonia in adults (Beyond the Basics)" .) A severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis), …Jun 21, 2017 · Types of interventions. We will include interventions targeting respiration to relieve breathlessness according to the following prespecified categories. Breathing training or breathing control exercises (e.g. diaphragmatic breathing, pursed lip breathing, body position exercises, respiratory muscle training). While nursing diagnoses serve as a framework for organizing care, their usefulness may vary in different clinical situations. ... Impaired Physical Mobility related to obesity as evidenced by shortness of breath with activity, difficulty in standing or walking for prolonged periods, and reliance on others for assistance in mobility.Your heart and lungs are involved in transporting oxygen to your tissues and removing carbon dioxide, and problems with either of these processes affect your …Shortness of breath (dyspnoea) is a common emergency presentation and is a symptom of many different medical conditions, both acute and chronic. Most cases of acute shortness of breath are due to lung and breathing disorders, cardiovascular disease, or chest trauma. It is a condition which some patients may experience many … ….

Oct 3, 2023 · The most common causes of acute shortness of breath include: Respiratory tract infections, such as bronchitis or pneumonia. These infections usually cause other symptoms, such as fever, cough, or coughing up sputum or mucus. (See "Patient education: Pneumonia in adults (Beyond the Basics)" .) A severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis), which ... In medicine, where ethnicity influences health risks and medication effectiveness, professionals can't be blind to differences. In an ever-evolving culturally diverse society, effo...This nursing diagnosis is appropriate for patients who cannot maintain adequate oxygenation resulting in insufficient tissue perfusion and carbon dioxide removal. An ineffective breathing pattern is a condition of inadequate ventilation due to an impairment in the mechanism of inspiration and expiration. Prolonged inadequate ventilation may ...Dyspnea ( shortness of breath) upon exertion or lying down. Jugular vein distention (JVD) Fatigue and reduced ability to exercise. Peripheral edema (swelling of …Acute dyspnea, or shortness of breath, is one of the most common chief complaints in the ED. The differential diagnosis includes many disorders that can be divided based on obstructive, parenchymal, cardiac, and compensatory features. A careful history can begin to narrow this wide differential.The body diverts blood away from less vital organs, particularly muscles in the limbs, and sends it to the heart and brain. Lack of appetite, nausea. ... a feeling of being full or sick to your stomach. The digestive system receives less blood, causing problems with digestion. Confusion, impaired thinking.Nursing Diagnosis: Activity intolerance related to myocardial imbalance between oxygen supply and demand secondary to M.I. as evidenced by fatigue, overwhelming lack of energy, verbalization of tiredness, generalized weakness, and shortness of breath upon exertion. Risk for Ineffective Tissue PerfusionFind the best online master's in nursing administration online with our list of top-rated schools that offer accredited online programs. Updated June 2, 2023 • 0 min read thebestsc... Shortness of breath nursing diagnosis, Shortness of breath/dyspnea; Respiratory depth changes; Alterations in ABGs; Expected outcomes: Patient will demonstrate an effective respiratory pattern as indicated by a respiratory rate within 12-20 breaths/min with normal depth and absence of cyanosis. Patient will express the relief of shortness of breath/dyspnea., What is defined as shortness of breath? Shortness of breath — known medically as dyspnea — is often described as an intense tightening in the chest, air hunger, difficulty breathing, breathlessness or a feeling of suffocation. Very strenuous exercise, extreme temperatures, obesity and higher altitude all can cause shortness of breath in …, Nursing Process Cardiomyopathy can be asymptomatic and shortness of breath, fainting spells, or chest pain may only develop in the later stages of the disease. Diagnosis is confirmed through ECG, echocardiogram, stress tests, and more which the nurse may assist with., Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like The client reports shortness of breath even after using a metered-dose inhaler (MDI). The nurse evaluates that the client is using the MDI incorrectly. A nursing diagnosis of ineffective breathing pattern is established. How does the nurse intervene? Select all that apply., A client is …, Back Orthopnea What Is It, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and More. Author: Georgina Tiarks. Editor s: Alyssa Haag, Józia McGowan, DO, Kelsey LaFayette, DNP, RN. Illustrator: Jessica Reynolds, MS. Copyeditor: David G. Walker. Modified: 14 Jul 2022. What is orthopnea? Orthopnea is a medical term to describe shortness of breath that occurs …, Abnormalities of breathing. ( R06) R06.02 is a billable diagnosis code used to specify a medical diagnosis of shortness of breath. The code is valid during the current fiscal year for the submission of HIPAA-covered transactions from October 01, 2023 through September 30, 2024. According to ICD-10-CM guidelines this code should not to be used ..., Mar 2, 2021 · Shortness of breath can result in a resident triggering Quality Measures for decline in activities. The decline in activity may lead to pressure ulcers, falls, depression, anxiety, or other adverse events—all of which could impact quality outcomes and be reflected in the Quality Measures. Adequately assessing the root-cause of the shortness ... , Related to: As evidenced by: pain, increased lung compliance, decreased lung expansion, obstruction, decreased elasticity/recoil: dyspnea, tachypnea, use of accessory muscles, cough with or without productivity, adventitious breath sounds, prolongation of expiratory time, increased mucous production, abnormal arterial blood gases, 1. Auscultate breath sounds and vital signs. Monitor blood pressure, heart rate, and sp02 closely. Auscultate lungs to assess for adventitious sounds such as rhonchi which could signal retained secretions. 2. Note the type of breathing pattern. Observe the rate, depth, and irregularity of the breathing pattern., Dyspnea is a subjective experience. Treat the patient based on complaints or appearance, rather than relying on numerical values. Similar signs and symptoms across conditions make diagnosis difficult. The most common causes originate from heart or lungs; although neuromuscular or psychologic origins should be considered. , Shortness of breath treatment depends on the underlying cause and duration of symptoms. Once that is determined, you and your physician can work together to create a treatment plan. If obesity or poor health is the cause, you will need to make lifestyle changes to manage your shortness of breath. Maintaining a healthy diet and exercising ..., NCBI. Retrieved February 7, 2023. Nurses play a critical role in assessing, monitoring, and caring for patients who are experiencing a heart attack. This comprehensive care plan guide focuses on the essential nursing assessment, interventions, nursing care plans and nursing diagnoses for effectively managing patients with myocardial infarction., Nursing is an excellent career path if you’re interested in working in the healthcare industry and strive to provide quality care to patients. If you’re short on time or worry that..., Heart failure. B. (Acute pain is the only NANDA-I approved diagnosis listed. Sleep apnea and heart failure are medical diagnoses, and sore throat is subjective data.) A nurse develops a nursing diagnostic statement for a patient with a medical diagnosis of pneumonia with chest x-ray results of lower lobe infiltrates. , Introduction. Dyspnea is a broad term indicating a variety of unpleasant sensations related to breathing, including air hunger (the sensation which can be elicited by prolonging a breath-hold), sense of work/effort, or of chest tightness [1, 2].Dyspnea can vary in intensity and quality depending on the underlying pathophysiological mechanism, …, The nurse is providing care to a patient with electrolyte imbalance showing edema and shortness of breath. Which nursing diagnosis should the nurse include in the updated patient plan of care? Fluid volume excess related to electrolyte imbalances, as evidenced by edema and shortness of breath , Pursed lip breath ing technique: Relax your neck and shoulder muscles, breath e in ( inhale ) slowly through your nose for two counts, keeping your mouth closed. Don't take a deep breath; a normal breath will do. It may help to count to yourself: inhale, one, two. Pucker or "purse" your lips as if you were going to whistle or gently flicker the ..., Jan 14, 2017 · Background Dyspnea (breathing discomfort) is a common and distressing symptom. Routine assessment and documentation can improve management and relieve suffering. A major barrier to routine dyspnea documentation is the concern that it will have a deleterious effect on nursing workflow and that it will not be readily accepted by nurses. Nurses at our institution recently began to assess and ... , One nursing intervention related to hypertension is monitoring and recording the patient’s blood pressure using the correct cuff size and technique, according to Nurseslabs. Nursin..., When symptoms are present, they often develop suddenly. 1 The most common symptoms associated with a pneumothorax are shortness of breath and chest pain. 1,4 Patients will often describe the chest pain as severe, sharp, and stabbing. 1 They may also report chest pain that radiates to the shoulder and arm. 1 If the patient has an open wound, the ..., Nursing Care Plan and Management. Nursing care management for chest pain involves prompt assessment, effective pain management, and close monitoring of vital signs to ensure timely intervention and promote patient well-being. In this section, we’ll dive into the nursing care management for patients with angina pectoris (chest pain)., Evaluate the respiratory rate, depth, pattern, and O2 saturation. Symptoms of pulmonary edema can progress rapidly. 3. Auscultate the breath sounds. Adventitious breath sounds like crackles, wheezing, or bubbling can be heard. Fine crackles heard on inspiration are specific to cardiogenic pulmonary edema. 5., Your heart and lungs are involved in transporting oxygen to your tissues and removing carbon dioxide, and problems with either of these processes affect your …, Breathlessness (dyspnoea) can be an extremely distressing sensation, often characterised by rapid and difficult breathing. It is associated with a range of other acute and long-term conditions, and is a key symptom of Covid-19, the disease caused by the novel coronavirus identified in 2019 (SARS-CoV-2) that has resulted in a global pandemic., Abstract. This chapter addresses the fundamental nursing in managing breathlessness. Every nurse should possess the knowledge and skills to assess patients holistically, to select and implement evidence-based strategies, to manage breathlessness, and to review the effectiveness of these to inform any necessary changes in care. , Diagnosis of Shortness of Breath Doctors and nurses will assess the airway, breathing, and circulation (ABCs) to see if emergency treatment is required. If this isn’t the case, a series of tests will be performed to figure out what’s causing the dyspnea., Introduction. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a life-threatening condition of seriously ill patients, characterized by poor oxygenation, pulmonary infiltrates, and acute onset. On a microscopic level, the disorder is associated with capillary endothelial injury and diffuse alveolar damage. ARDS is an acute disorder characterized ..., Mosby’s dictionary of Medicine, nursing & Health Professions Meg Gulanick/ Judith L. Myers; Nursing Care Plans Diagnoses, Interventions, and Outcomes/Edition 8 Betty J. Ackley, Gail B. Ladwig; Nursing Diagnosis Handbook: An Evidence-Based Guide to Planning Care / Edition 9 Linton; Introduction to Medical-Surgical Nursing/ Edition 6, Dyspnea Nursing Diagnosis: Activity intolerance related to imbalance between oxygen supply and demand as evidenced by fatigue, overwhelming lack of energy, verbalization of tiredness, generalized weakness, and shortness of breath upon exertion., Jun 21, 2017 · Types of interventions. We will include interventions targeting respiration to relieve breathlessness according to the following prespecified categories. Breathing training or breathing control exercises (e.g. diaphragmatic breathing, pursed lip breathing, body position exercises, respiratory muscle training). , Abnormalities of breathing. ( R06) R06.02 is a billable diagnosis code used to specify a medical diagnosis of shortness of breath. The code is valid during the current fiscal year for the submission of HIPAA-covered transactions from October 01, 2023 through September 30, 2024. According to ICD-10-CM guidelines this code should not to be used ..., 1. Frequently assess the patient’s lung sounds and respirations. Adventitious lung sounds are expected with emphysema. Monitor for rhonchi or crackles that signal an infection, such as pneumonia. Monitor for changes in respiratory patterns for impending respiratory distress. 2. Assess oxygen saturation., NANDA-I Nursing Diagnoses Definition Selected Defining Characteristics; Impaired Gas Exchange: Excess or deficit in oxygenation and/or carbon dioxide elimination at the alveolar-capillary membrane. ... Adventitious breath sounds. Abnormal skin color. Tachycardia. Restlessness. Fatigue. Edema. Weight gain. Decreased peripheral pulses.