Aphug frqs

A2. Food processing companies may prefer not to locate in places where labor costs are higher (e.g., urban areas, areas with higher payroll taxes, areas with strong union presence). A3. Food processing facilities may locate in places where they have access to workers who may be paid below market rates, at minimum wage, and/or with few benefits ...

Aphug frqs. AP Human Geography 2001 Free-Response Questions. The materials included in these files are intended for use by AP teachers for course and exam preparation in the classroom; permission for any other use must be sought from the Advanced Placement Program. Teachers may reproduce them, in whole or in part, in limited quantities, for face-to-face ...

Student Sample 1. A. One geopolitical event that greatly affected the international boundaries within Europe was the balkanization, the fragmentation of a state, of Yugoslavia in the late 1980s. This breakup resulted in the formation of the states of Serbia, Slovenia, Macedonia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Croatia, and Kosovo.

AP Human Geography FRQs - Agricultural & Rural. (i) Define the term "Green Revolution" as used from 1945 to the present. (ii) Explain TWO principal agricultural practices/technologies associated with the green revolution. (iii) Name TWO regions, in different parts of the world, where the green revolution has had a significant impact on ...67 of 78. Definition. dairy farm. a form of subsistence agriculture in which people shift activity from one field to another; each field is used for crops for relatively few years and left to fallow for a relatively long period. a form of commercial agriculture that specializes in the production of milk and other dairy products.Created by an AP Human Geography teacher. This resource is the FRQ portion of a test designed as an overview of content for AP Human Geography Unit 2: Population and Migration.Includes:2 FRQs formatted like the Official CollegeBoard testThe first FRQ is from the 2013 Exam - Find rubric and student samples here.The second FRQ is from the 2008 ...a phenomenon that may account for shrinkage (fecundity) Formula for Doubling Time. 70/ Rate of Natural Increase. The Net Migration Rate Formula. (Number of Immigrants/1000) - (Number of Emigrants/1000) The Demographic Equation. ( (Birth Rate - Death Rate) + Net Migration Rate)/10 = Percent Population Growth Rate. Total Fertility Rate Formula.Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like describe the concept of a supranational organization, using the GDP data in the table, explain one economic benefit to a countries that joins ASEAN, using the ten-year GDP growth data in the table, explain one way that membership in ASEAN will affect the quality of life for citizens in member states and more.

5. How many are in developed countries?? 6. Where is Pastoral Nomadism practiced?? Drylands of. - Southwest Asia. - North Africa. - Central Asia. - East Asia.Suburbanization: Growth of jobs in suburban areas at the expense of the city leads to in-migration to the suburbs. Question 2 (continued) 2. Friction of distance (2 points) Gravity model (people migrate to larger places, closer places, etc.): Areas of in-migration may be related to the amount of interaction between places (friction of distance ...IMR. (infant mortality rate) The annual number of deaths of infants under one year of age, compared with total live births. Its is expressed as the annual number of deaths among infants among infants per 1000 births rather than a percentage. This is important because it tell how developed a country is, if they have a high IMR they are an LDC ...Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like 1. Geographic Grid - Relative and absolute measures of location - Distortion - Advantages of Mercator, Gall-Peters, and Robinson Projections, 2. Place Names - Toponyms - Toponyms examples and origins of French and Spanish - Drawing of mental map of US Regions identified, 3) Sustainability - Definition - Theories of environmental ...1. Topographic Maps. Topographic maps are usually designed to show the area's topography, like its artificial and natural landscape markings. In some examples, contour lines are also used to express the physical aspect of landscape features. They can show the area's infrastructure, rivers, and other physical landscape features.A marriage of good looks and high efficiency, it has everything I could look for in great architecture—and my ideal Valentine. The proposal was irresistible: Valentine’s Day at a s...AP Human Geography 2001 Scoring Guidelines. The materials included in these files are intended for non-commercial use by AP teachers for course and exam preparation; permission for any other use must be sought from the Advanced Placement Program. Teachers may reproduce them, in whole or in part, in limited quantities, for face-to-face teaching ...

Our AP Human Geography flashcards allow you to practice with as few or as many questions as you like. Get some studying in now with our numerous AP Human Geography flashcards. Ap human geography flashcards 948 Flashcards. Agriculture, food production, & rural land use flashcards 174 Flashcards. Contemporary commercial agriculture flashcards 40 ...Summary: The Best AP® Human Geography Review Guide. We’ve covered a ton in this review guide for the 2024 AP® Human Geography exam. Here are some of the key takeaways: The AP® HUG exam includes MCQs and FRQs. Review the hand-picked FRQs to help you score points — remember that FRQs are 50% of the exam!Unit V. Agriculture, Food Production, & Rural Land-Use (13-17%) In AP Human Geography, unit 5 covers the development and processes of agriculture including food production and rural land-use. The following guide will be updated periodically with hyperlinks to excellent resources. As you are reviewing for this unit, focus on the key concepts!physical boundary. major physical features that serve as a means of separation. superimposed boundary. boundary that has been forced upon the inhabitants f an area to solve a problem and/or conflict. geometric boundary. straight lines that serve as political boundaries that are unrelated to physical and/or cultural differences.View APHUG Thanksgiving Week FRQs (2).docx from EAR 145 at Riverside City College. Thanksgiving FRQs - Due Tuesday Dec. 1 1. The number of states in the world has grown to approximately 200. The

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A system by which goods and services are produced and distributed. The portion of the economy concerned with the direct extraction of materials from Earth's surface, generally through agriculture, although sometimes by mining, fishing, and forestry. The portion of the economy concerned with manufacturing useful products through processing ...AP HUG FRQs. I recently started working on the Princeton Review Book with 6 practice exams and I did pretty well on the multiple-choice on my first test, but I am completely lost on the FRQs. It may be because my class still has a whole unit and a half to cover before the exam, but I am stressing out that I might do badly on the frqs.Time—75 minutes Percent of total score—50. You have 75 minutes to answer all three of the following questions. It is recommended that you spend. Directions: approximately one-third of your time (25 minutes) on each question. It is suggested that you take up to 5 minutes of this time to plan and outline each answer.AP Human Geography. AP Cram Sessions 2020. 🌶 AP HuG FRQ Practice. 🌶 AP HuG FRQ Practice. may 11, 2019. D. Dustin Fowler. Resources. 📑 Summary ⏳ Timestamps. Strategies for acing the FRQ section! All Subjects. AP Human Geography. AP Cram Sessions 2020. 🌶 AP HuG FRQ Practice. 🌶 AP HuG FRQ Practice.Economic (1 point) E1. Small-scale farming requires all family members to participate. E2. Men have been taking jobs in cities, on commercial farms, as labor migrants, in the military, at sea, or in mines leaving the women to grow food for home consumption and for sale. E3.Download free-response questions from past exams along with scoring guidelines, sample responses from exam takers, and scoring distributions. If you are using assistive technology and need help accessing these PDFs in another format, contact Services for Students with Disabilities at 212-713-8333 or by email at [email protected].

Practice FRQs for Unit 4 Unit 4 - # 1 The Federal Republic of Germany has one of the largest gross national incomes (GNIs) of any sovereign country. A. Identify the THREE scales of analysis present in the graph data. B. Identify the political entity shown in the graph data that has the highest GNI. C. Describe the concept of the sovereign country.Tertiary: transportation. Explain two different reasons for a. decline in the primary sector employment. Technological Improvements, Industrialization, Rural to Urban migration, environmental change. Explain two different reasons for a decrease in infant mortality rate. Healthcare, social or cultural changes, diet and nutrition.7. The Malthusian theory and its critiques are used to analyze certain changes within a country and its effects. a. Define the Malthusian Theory. b. Describe a real-world example in developed countries that support the Malthusian Theory.1 / 6. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like A. What does offshoring mean/ what else is it commonly known as?, B. Explain the relationship between Front Office and Back Office that exists in technology businesses that use offshoring., C. Give and explain three reasons why India might be a preferred destination for US ...The most efficient way to learn, review, and practice AP Human Geography. Mr. Sinn has everything you need to prepare for your AP Human Geo course and exams. Exclusive videos, practice questions, and study guides with answer keys. Two full practice exams with answer keys. 1 year of access for 1 student including special LIVE stream reviewsAPHG FRQs Unit 3. 20 terms. ashleyperis. Preview. AP Human Geography - Unit 3 FRQ Review. 32 terms. c-shi. Preview. APHG Unit 1 Vocab. 80 terms. mpence261. Preview. ... AP Human Geography Chapter 16-17 (Unit 6) Vocabulary. 77 terms. L120397. Preview. Urban City Models - Unit 6 - AP Human Geography. Teacher 7 terms. JulianneH07. Preview.Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Identify questions, Define questions, Compare questions and more.This oil spill spewed for over 3 months non-stop making it the largest accidental spill in the history of the production of petroleum. Solution for the modern industry challenge. Mitigation may potentially clear up the disaster. Chemical spills can be cleaned up, lakes may be deacidfied, and fish ladder may be added to dams. Identify and ...

Unit 7 AP HuG FRQ. cities in the United States between 1870 and 1920. Increased urbanization led to the growth of cities because new industries were sprouting since they could ship products easier. Form was altered because real estate around stations became more valuable, so railroads created socio-economic divisions.

7. The Malthusian theory and its critiques are used to analyze certain changes within a country and its effects. a. Define the Malthusian Theory. b. Describe a real-world example in developed countries that support the Malthusian Theory.AP Human Geography 2021 Free-Response Questions: Set 2 Author: ETS Subject: Free-Response Questions from the 2021 AP Human Geography Exam Keywords: Human Geography; Free-Response Questions; 2021; exam resources; exam information; teaching resources; exam practice; Set 2 Created Date: 10/21/2020 10:22:51 AMFree Response Questions by Topic AP Human Geography Exam 2001 2014 Categorized by topic below are all FRQ exams from 2001 2014. The “FRQ” link connects to19 Apr 2021 ... ... APHG #APHUG #TestPrep. ... How To Write An FRQ (Free Response Questions for AP Human Geography).Practice FRQs. Agriculture 2; Agriculture FRQ; COVID-19; Culture FRQ; Ethnicity FRQ; Industry FRQ; Language FRQ; Migration frq; Policial FRQ; Population FRQ; Religion FRQ; TERMS IN POPULAR CULTURE answers ... AP Human Geography Test May 04 , 8:00am ...Hi there! Practicing FRQs for AP Human Geography is a great way to solidify your understanding of the content and develop your writing skills. Here are some tips and resources to help you practice: 1. CollegeBoard's past exams: This is the best resource to practice FRQs, as they come directly from previous AP Human Geography exams.Created by an AP Human Geography teacher. This resource is the FRQ portion of a test designed as an overview of content for AP Human Geography Unit 2: Population and Migration.Includes:2 FRQs formatted like the Official CollegeBoard testThe first FRQ is from the 2013 Exam - Find rubric and student samples here.The second FRQ is from the 2008 ...AP Human Geography Free Response Question on Pop Culture Terms. This was the 2018 AP Human Geography FRQ. Use exam-like conditions. Time yourself at 15 minutes for this prompt since there is one stimulus.

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2017 – Question 3: Federal and Unitary governments. 2016 – Question 2: Politics of language – Bilingualism in Canada. 2015 – Question 1: Gerrymandering and reapportionment. 2014 – Question 2: Consequences of superimposed borders in Africa. 2012 – Question 1: Border Walls and Barriers. 2010 – Question 2: National Identity.Judaism. Judaism is a monotheistic ethnic religion of Jews having its spiritual and ethical principles in the sacred Torah and in the Talmud. It emerged in The Middle East (Mesopotamian cultural hearth) and regards Jerusalem as sacred, similar to Christianity and Islam, and the Western Wall is one of their holy sites. With respect to the past, present, and projected trends in agriculture shown in the diagram above, answer the following: A. First identify and then explain TWO factors contributing to the steady decline in the number of dairy farms. since 1970. Increased production of milk: Cows produce higher yields, meaning. A system by which goods and services are produced and distributed. The portion of the economy concerned with the direct extraction of materials from Earth's surface, generally through agriculture, although sometimes by mining, fishing, and forestry. The portion of the economy concerned with manufacturing useful products through processing ...Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Agricultural systems, such as the production of coffee, are part of a global network. A. Describe a common characteristic shared by the coffee producing countries shown on the map., Agricultural systems, such as the production of coffee, are part of a global network. B: Explain two impacts of coffee farming on producing countries ...Download free-response questions from past exams along with scoring guidelines, sample responses from exam takers, and scoring distributions. AP Exams are regularly updated to align with best practices in college-level learning. Not all free-response questions on this page reflect the current exam, but the question types and the topics are ...Pakistan (sanct- bin Laden) Yemen (sanct (AQ)) What is Al Qaeda? AQ: Sunni Muslim extremist group that believes in strict Sharia law (Wahabism) AQ grew out of the war b/w USSR and Afghanistan. AQ has been implicated in several bombings since its attack on the US in 2001. AQ is not a single unified organization.ap human unit 5 frqs. Get a hint. 1a) Describe the Green Revolution. Click the card to flip 👆. A time period in which new strains of crops were created that had higher yields, increasing agricultural productivity. Agricultural practices were …A system by which goods and services are produced and distributed. The portion of the economy concerned with the direct extraction of materials from Earth's surface, generally through agriculture, although sometimes by mining, fishing, and forestry. The portion of the economy concerned with manufacturing useful products through processing ...Need help reviewing for AP HUG?! Check out the AP Human Geography Ultimate Review Packet! A Packet made by Mr. Sinn to help you succeed not only on the AP Te... ….

All you need to know about the AP Human Geography exam questions! We cover the logistics of the MCQ and FRQ, scoring, and helpful tips you'll find useful. Master the FRQ with practice writing prompts, and review teacher feedback on sample responses. With these examples and strategies, you'll be prepared to write great FRQs on exam day!This question is from the 2014 AP Human Geography Exam. Be sure to time yourself and use exam-like conditions. ... be an economic incentive. think about money when you see the word economic on the AP exam or in the future on AP hug FRQs. no clear impact since there is no clear incentive --> 0/2 points earned. D) your description of the social ...In AP Human Geography, concepts are interconnected 🔗, so creating connections between the units will benefit you in the long run. The workload. Expect plenty of reading sources and practicing with FRQs and MCQs ️Download free-response questions from past exams along with scoring guidelines, sample responses from exam takers, and scoring distributions. If you are using assistive technology and need help accessing these PDFs in another format, contact Services for Students with Disabilities at 212-713-8333 or by email at [email protected] Human Geography Chapter 5. 24 terms. mhitchcock000. Preview. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Stage 1: Low NIR, High CBR/CDR, Stage 2: High NIR, high CBR, rapidly falling CDR, Stage 3: Declining NIR, rapidly declining CBR, declining CDR and more.Practice. Free Response. Assessments. Overview. Looking for an AP® Human Geography score calculator? Click here for this and more tips for your test! Standards. Tags. Review for the AP® Human Geography exam with practice questions on migration patterns, land use, population pyramids, and so much more.Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Agricultural systems, such as the production of coffee, are part of a global network. A. Describe a common characteristic shared by the coffee producing countries shown on the map., Agricultural systems, such as the production of coffee, are part of a global network. B: Explain two impacts of coffee farming on producing countries ...APHUG Unit 4 Possible FRQs The Unit 4 FRQ test is on Friday, Jan. The Unit 4 FRQ test is on Friday, Jan. 25th. You will write 2 25-minute FRQs during this test. The two FRQs will be. 1. Walls and other barriers built by countries to establish their borders are some of the oldest and most. controversial elements in the cultural landscape.AP Human Geography EOC Vocab Units 1-7 . 203 terms. punkward9. Preview. Ap Human Geography Review. 127 terms. mia_cook22. Preview. Kingdoms and Empires. 13 terms. Swapna_Oslund. Preview. Terms in this set (24) Ethnicity. Identity with a group of people that share a distinct physical and mental traits as a product of common heredity and cultural ...AP Human Geography 2001 Scoring Guidelines. The materials included in these files are intended for non-commercial use by AP teachers for course and exam preparation; permission for any other use must be sought from the Advanced Placement Program. Teachers may reproduce them, in whole or in part, in limited quantities, for face-to-face … Aphug frqs, AP Human Geography Free Response Question on the Rate of Natural Increase of Population. This was the 2018 AP Human Geography FRQ. Use exam-like conditions. ... be an economic incentive. think about money when you see the word economic on the ap exam or in the future on ap hug frqs. no clear impact since there is no clear incentive --> 0/2 ..., Unit V. Agriculture, Food Production, & Rural Land-Use (13-17%) In AP Human Geography, unit 5 covers the development and processes of agriculture including food production and rural land-use. The following guide will be updated periodically with hyperlinks to excellent resources. As you are reviewing for this unit, focus on the key concepts!, Need help reviewing for AP HUG?! Check out the AP Human Geography Ultimate Review Packet! A Packet made by Mr. Sinn to help you succeed not only on the AP Te..., AP® Human Geography 2009 Free-Response Questions The College Board The College Board is a not-for-profit membership association whose mission is to connect students to college success and opportunity. Founded in 1900, the association is composed of more than 5,600 schools, colleges, universities and other educational organizations., This AP Human Geography study guide has covered a review plan for the AP test, tips for success in studying throughout the year, and a list of all the topics covered in the AP Human Geography curriculum and on the exam. The steps in a successful AP Human Geography study plan should look something like this: Step 1: Take and score a …, Here are the task verbs you’ll see on the exam: Compare: Provide a description or explanation of similarities and/or differences. Define: Provide a specific meaning for a word or concept. Describe: Provide the relevant characteristics of a specified topic. Explain: Provide information about how or why a relationship, process, pattern ... , 7 About the AP Human Geography Course 7 College Course Equivalent 7 Prerequisites COURSE FRAMEWORK 11 Introduction 12 Course Framework Components 13 Course Skills 15 Course Content 18 Course at a Glance 21 Unit Guides 22 Using the Unit Guides 25 UNIT 1: Thinking Geographically 37 UNIT 2: Population and Migration Patterns and Processes, 2019 AP ® HUMAN GEOGRAPHY FREE-RESPONSE QUESTIONS GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. -3- 2. The model shown is known as the galactic city model, sometimes described as the contemporary urban model of the North American metropolitan area. Among the features within this model are edge cities. Edge cities are large centers of development on the urban periphery., 5c. explain the difference between push and pull factors. - push factors are negative circumstances that causes someone to emigrate. - pull factors are positive circumstances that attracts someone to immigrate. - ex. religious persecution is a push factor while economic opportunity is a pull factor. 5d. using a migration stream from the map ..., APHUG FRQs Chapter 2 & 3. 1. Voluntary migrations. - International migrants are people who migrate to a different country for permanent settlement. Ex. Mexicans permanently moving to the US. - The US has experience 4 major waves of migration. From the 1840s to 1850s the US received migrants from Western Europe., How To Write An FRQ (Free Response Questions for AP Human Geography) - YouTube. Mr. Sinn. 201K subscribers. 1.7K. 92K views 3 years ago …, AP Human Geography Unit 4 FRQ Study Guide Flashcards | Quizlet. 5.0 (11 reviews) 1. Types of States and Nationalism: •Definition of nation-state and example, •definition of Multinational state and example, •difference between ethnicity and nationality, •definition of nationalism and its role in both multinational states and nation-states,, AP HUG FRQs. I recently started working on the Princeton Review Book with 6 practice exams and I did pretty well on the multiple-choice on my first test, but I am completely lost on the FRQs. It may be because my class still has a whole unit and a half to cover before the exam, but I am stressing out that I might do badly on the frqs., AP® Human Geography 2021 Scoring Guidelines (D) Explain ONE difference between world cities and metacities. 1 point . Accept one of the following: • D1. Metacities are urban areas with over 20 million people and are ranked by population size, whereas world cities are ranked in order of their importance to the global economy. • D2., May 7, 2024 · All you need to know about the AP Human Geography exam questions! We cover the logistics of the MCQ and FRQ, scoring, and helpful tips you'll find useful. Master the FRQ with practice writing prompts, and review teacher feedback on sample responses. With these examples and strategies, you'll be prepared to write great FRQs on exam day! , This sub is a place for Dental Hygienists, Dental Hygiene students, and the general public to ask questions and comment about dental hygiene. Dental hygiene is a broad topic so we are pretty lenient on topics., Full review of FRQs and Exam Tips & Tricks. All Subjects. AP Human Geography. AP Cram Sessions 2020. 🌶 FRQs and Exam Tips & Tricks. 🌶 FRQs and Exam Tips & Tricks. may 8, 2020. Amanda DoAmaral. Resources. 📑 Summary ⏳ Timestamps 📚 Resources. Full review of FRQs and Exam Tips & Tricks., Make certain to number each of your answers in the pink booklet as the question is numbered below. 1.1. A. Define the following concepts as they are used in political geography. B. For each of these concepts, name a specific late-twentieth-century example from Region A and a specific late-twentieth-century example from Region B on the map above., A. Define Nationalism. Nationalism is loyalty and devotion to a nationality identity is created through symbols, flags, and songs or sometimes includes negative images or jokes about other groups. B. Identify a state from the 20th or 21st century and compare and contrast in that state nationalism. C. Define ethno-nationalism, identify and ..., How to Practice AP Human Geography FRQs. You can find plenty of AP Human Geography free-response questions (and their corresponding answer guidelines) online. The College Board maintains a collection of …, 1. In the redistricting that occurred in 2012, voters in Maryland approved a redrawn Third Congressional District, as shown in the map above. A geospatial analysis firm named it the least compact district in the nation. Identify the political phenomenon represented on the map. Explain the relationship between redistricting and the census., Download free-response questions from past exams along with scoring guidelines, sample responses from exam takers, and scoring distributions. If you are using assistive technology and need help accessing these PDFs in another format, contact Services for Students with Disabilities at 212-713-8333 or by email at [email protected]. The ..., Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Agricultural systems, such as the production of coffee, are part of a global network. A. Describe a common characteristic shared by the coffee producing countries shown on the map., Agricultural systems, such as the production of coffee, are part of a global network. B: Explain two impacts of coffee farming on producing countries ..., The FRQs in APHUG are possibly the easiest AP FRQs, at least in my experience. Honestly, the best thing to do is to know your terms and practice. The more terms you can correctly identify, the better. Also, practice connecting two terms together, or more. Connections were one of the most important things that helped me in FRQs, but honestly ..., With our score calculator, you can learn what you'll need to score a 3, 4, or 5. AP® score calculators are a great way to motivate yourself when you're studying. You can quickly realize how close you may be to getting the score you want. We recommend you run our calculator regularly in your AP® exam prep, so you can understand where you ..., All you need to know about the AP Human Geography exam questions! We cover the logistics of the MCQ and FRQ, scoring, and helpful tips you'll find useful. Master the FRQ with practice writing prompts, and review teacher feedback on sample responses. With these examples and strategies, you'll be prepared to write great FRQs on exam day!, We had more than 32 Fiveable AP HuG students 👨‍🎓 rate how hard the class was, and the average rating was 2.32/5, where a 5 means Super Hard and a 1 means Very Easy! All AP classes are going to have rigor and work, but AP HuG does not have too much of either 🎊. The pie chart shows the results of the survey about the difficulty of the ..., FRQ 7 Scoring guideline/rubric -18 points. 1 point for the definition of the trend. 3 points for describing the methods used for a particular trend. 3 points for a thorough examination of the motivation behind the trend (economic and environmental). 2 points for understanding the impact that the trend has on the market and industrial agriculture., The AP Human Geography Exam format is: Multiple-Choice Section:-75 questions-60 minutes-50% of final grade. Free-Response Section:-3 essay questions-75 minutes-50% of final grade. When is the AP Human Geography Exam? The exam date for the 2022-2023 school year is Thursday, May 4, 2023 at 8 a.m. This AP test is offered once per year., Directions: You have 1 hour and 15 minutes to answer all three of the following questions. It is recommended that you spend approximately one-third of your time (25 minutes) on each question. It is suggested that you take up to 5 minutes of this time to plan and outline each answer., 2019 - Question 1/Version 1: Food Deserts in Developed Countries and their impact on cities. 2018 - Question 1: Female labor force in Agriculture (Africa) 2016 - Question 3: Subsistence and Commercial Agriculture and their impacts. 2014 - Question 3: Effects of coffee production of producer & consumer countries., An unofficial sub dedicated for In Home Support Services. IHSS is a Human Services Department program in California, designed to help low-income elderly and people of any age living with a disability remain living safely and independently in their own home., This can include roads, bridges, sewer systems, etc. Narrowly, infrastructure is the physical structure that supports specific functions or services. This can include roads, highways, airports, and other public transportation. Explain how infrastructure influences the pattern or growth of a city.