Map of cities in mesopotamia

Israel. Iran. Turkey. Syria. Egypt. Fertile Crescent, the region where the first settled agricultural communities of the Middle East and Mediterranean basin are thought to have originated by the early 9th millennium bce. The term was popularized by the American Orientalist James Henry Breasted.

Map of cities in mesopotamia. Definition. Ancient Mesopotamian Government was based on the understanding that human beings were created to help and serve the gods. The high priest, king, assembly of elders, governors, and any other officials were recognized as stewards chosen by the gods to care for the people in the same way a father was expected to …

The Sumerians were the people of southern Mesopotamia whose civilization flourished between c. 4100-1750 BCE. Their name comes from the region which is frequently – and incorrectly – referred to as a “country”. Sumer was never a cohesive political entity, however, but a region of city-states each with its own king.. Sumer was …

Eridu is traditionally believed to be the earliest city in southern Mesopotamia based on the Sumerian King List. Located 12 kilometers southwest of the ancient site of Ur, Eridu was the southernmost of a conglomeration of Sumerian cities that grew around temples, almost in sight of one another. The city gods of Eridu were Enki and his consort ... Ancient Mesopotamia, or modern Iraq and neighboring regions, was home to Babylonians, Assyrians, Sumerians, and others, and is today being researched from … In 3000 BCE, Mesopotamia was a land of city-states 1 ‍ . Most people lived in walled cities under the rule of a king. Dozens of city-states along the Tigris and Euphrates fought with each other in a struggle for power and limited resources. Around 2334 BCE, one city grew powerful enough to start conquering the others. Mesopotamia, “the land between rivers,” (modern day Iraq) is the birthplace of the earliest civilizations on the planet. For millennia, the great ancient Mesopotamian civilizations each had their time to flourish and leave their mark on history. First, in the fourth millennium B.C.E., it was the non-Semitic Sumerians, who built Uruk, one of ...

What is happening in Iraq in 1500BCE. Over the past thousand years, kingdoms and empires have come and gone in Mesopotamia.The first recorded empire in world history appeared briefly under the fierce Sargon and his descendants (c. 2334 to 2218 BCE), and the powerful states of Ur (2112 to 2004 BCE) followed.. The civilization of Ancient …The first cities which fit both Chandler's and Wirth's definitions of a `city' (and, also the early work of the archaeologist Childe) developed in the region known as Mesopotamia between 4500 and 3100 BCE. The city of Uruk, today considered the oldest in the world, was first settled in c. 4500 BCE and walled cities, for defence, were common by ...Ancient Mesopotamia 101. Ancient Mesopotamia proved that fertile land and the knowledge to cultivate it was a fortuitous recipe for wealth and civilization. Learn how this "land between two rivers" became the birthplace of the world's first cities, advancements in math and science, and the earliest evidence of literacy and a legal … The map of ancient Mesopotamia is dotted with cities along the southern parts. It was here the Sumerians established their sophisticated and advanced civilization around 3000 B.C. The great prophet Ezekiel is believed to have written many of his prophecies along the banks of the Kebar/Chebar river while in exile. Sumer. Mesopotamia. Eridu, ancient Sumerian city south of Tall al-Muqayyar (ancient Ur ), Iraq. Eridu was revered as the oldest city in Sumer, according to the king lists, and its patron god was Ea (Enki), “lord of the sweet waters that flow under the earth.”. The city’s site, located at a mound called Abū Shahrayn, was excavated ...

Kish (Sumerian: Kiš; Kiš ki; cuneiform: 𒆧𒆠; Akkadian: Kiššatu, near modern Tell al-Uhaymir) is an important archaeological site in Babil Governorate (), located 80 km (50 mi) south of Baghdad and 12 km (7.5 mi) east of the ancient city of Babylon.The Ubaid period site of Ras al-Amiyah is 8 km (5.0 mi) away. It was occupied from the Ubaid period to …Nov 10, 2020 · Mesopotamia’s name comes from the ancient Greek word for “the land between the rivers.”. That’s a reference to the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, the twin sources of water for a region that ... Mesopotamia housed historically important cities such as Uruk, Nippur, Nineveh, Assur and Babylon, as well as major territorial states such as the city of Eridu, the Akkadian kingdoms, the Third Dynasty of Ur, and the various Assyrian empires.Sumer was the southernmost region of ancient Mesopotamia (modern-day Iraq and Kuwait) which is generally considered the cradle of civilization. The name comes from Akkadian, the language of the north of Mesopotamia, and means “land of the civilized kings.”. Sumer is recognized as the birthplace of many of the "firsts" of civilization ...Iraq's Ancient Heritage. The Fertile Crescent is a large geographic region in modern day Turkey, Iran, Iraq, Syria, Israel, Jordan, and the northern-easternmost part of Egypt, fed by the Euphrates and Tigris rivers, which have supported numerous ancient civilizations. Map by National Geographic Kids. Background Info.

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Map showing the extent of Mesopotamia (map: Goran tek-en, CC BY-SA 4.0) Map showing the extent of Mesopotamia (map: Goran tek-en , CC BY-SA 4.0) Many cities in Syria, including Ebla were destroyed around 2300 B.C.E., possibly as part of the military expansion of the kings of Akkad from southern Mesopotamia.Other ancient cities in Mesopotamia, such as Uruk, also date back to around that time. Additionally, other sites outside of Mesopotamia, such as Catalhoyuk (located in Turkey) and Jericho (located ...Navigating a new city can be a daunting task, especially if you don’t know the area well. Fortunately, Google Maps and Street View can help you find the best routes across town qui...Mesopotamian civilization has a unique place in world history. It was in Mesopotamia that the earliest cities, the first urban civilization, appeared, about 3500 BCE. Map of the Ancient Middle East in 3500 BCE, showing the merging Sumerian civilization in Mesopotamia. Maps telling the story of Ancient Mesopotamia.Eridu (called Tell Abu Shahrain or Abu Shahrein in Arabic) is one of the earliest permanent settlements in Mesopotamia, and perhaps the world. Located about 14 miles (22 kilometers) south of the modern city of Nasiriyah in Iraq, and about 12.5 mi (20 km) south southwest of the ancient Sumerian city of Ur, Eridu was occupied between …The cities associated with the earliest rulers are aligned to the older Greenland pole, while cities associated with later rulers are aligned to the more recent Hudson Bay pole. It is shown that the oldest sites in Mesopotamia generally tend to cluster in the vicinity of cities associated with the antediluvian kings.

Babylonia. Ur. Eridu. Lagash. Sumer, site of the earliest known civilization, located in the southernmost part of Mesopotamia, between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, in the area that later became Babylonia and is now southern Iraq, from around Baghdad to the Persian Gulf. A brief treatment of Sumerian civilization follows.Mesopotamia is thought to be one of the places where early civilization developed. It is a historic region of West Asia within the Tigris-Euphrates river system. In fact, the word Mesopotamia means "between rivers" in Greek. Home to the ancient civilizations of Sumer, Assyria, and Babylonia these peoples are credited with influencing mathematics and …Open full screen to view more. This map was created by a user. Learn how to create your own. This Google map explores the civilizations of the Fertile Crescent.Some Mesopotamian public works included sewer drainage systems, public baths, private baths and wells. Other public works included city walls, royal palaces and stepped temples cal...Aug 18, 2020 · Ø Mesopotamia is oldest civilization where writing and city life started firstly. It derived from two Greek words mesos meaning middle and Potamas meaning river. Ø Mesopotamia means land between two rivers-Euphrates and Tigris. Today it is part of Iraq. Ø Mesopotamia was known for its Writing, City life, Trade Literature, Mathematics ... We are a non-profit organization publishing the world's most-read history encyclopedia.Our mission is to engage people with cultural heritage and to improve history education worldwide. We are always looking for volunteers who wish to …For thousands of years, southern Mesopotamia (ancient Iraq) was home to hunters, fishers, and farmers, exploiting fertile soil, rivers, and abundant animals. By around 3200 B.C., the largest settlement in southern Mesopotamia, if not the world, was Uruk: a true city dominated by monumental mud-brick buildings decorated with mosaics of painted ...Mesopotamia was the home of many different civilizations spanning thousands of years which contributed significantly to world culture and progress. Many of the aspects of daily life taken for granted in the present day, such as writing, the wheel, a code of laws, the sail, the concept of the 24-hour day, beer-brewing, civil rights, and irrigation of crops all were first developed in the land ...K. Kris Hirst. Updated on March 22, 2019. A tell (alternately spelled tel, til, or tal) is a special form of archaeological mound, a human-built construction of earth and stone. Most types of mounds around the world are built within a single phase or period of time, as temples, as burials, or as significant additions to the landscape. A tell ...In Mesopotamia (now southern Iraq, the land between the Euphrates and Tigris rivers), the first cities appeared on irrigated lands. Both resulted from the consolidation of political and economic power. Before 3100 BC, the Nile Valley held a series of competitive kingdoms. After centuries of unsettled conditions, Egypt became a unified river ...History of Mesopotamia - Ancient Cities, Sumerians, Tigris-Euphrates: The Late Neolithic Period and the Chalcolithic Period. Between about 10,000 bce and the genesis of large permanent settlements, the following stages of development are distinguishable, some of which run parallel: (1) the change to sedentary life, or the transition from continual or …The cradle of civilization. Some of the earliest complex urban centers can be found in Mesopotamia between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers (early cities also arose in the Indus Valley and ancient China). The history of Mesopotamia, however, is inextricably tied to the greater region, which is comprised of the modern nations of Egypt, Iran ...

Mesopotamia, “the land between rivers,” (modern day Iraq) is the birthplace of the earliest civilizations on the planet. For millennia, the great ancient Mesopotamian civilizations each had their time to flourish and leave their mark on history. First, in the fourth millennium B.C.E., it was the non-Semitic Sumerians, who built Uruk, one of ...

Mar 17, 2023 ... For the next 1,700 years, other Mesopotamian cities in modern-day Iraq and Syria held pole positions, growing steadily and shuffling between ...History of Mesopotamia is an article that explores the origins, achievements, and legacy of one of the world's oldest civilizations. Learn how Mesopotamia shaped the history and culture of the Middle East and beyond, from the invention of writing and law to the rise and fall of empires. Discover the rich heritage of the land between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, and compare it with other ...Life Background and ascension Map showing the Babylonian territory upon Hammurabi's ascension in c. 1792 BC and upon his death in c. 1750 BC. Hammurabi ascended to the throne as the king of a minor kingdom in the midst of a complex geopolitical situation. Hammurabi was an Amorite First Dynasty king of the city-state of Babylon, and …Article. Local trade in ancient Mesopotamia began in the Ubaid Period (c. 5000-4100 BCE), had developed into long-distance trade by the Uruk Period (c. 4100-2900 BCE), and was flourishing by the time of the Early Dynastic Period (2900-2334 BCE). Developments in trade continued up through 651 CE, the beginning of the modern …As the birthplace of cities, agriculture, writing, and civilization in general, life in Mesopotamia 4000 years ago was not all that different from our lives today. This collection collates the most relevant articles, videos, images, and maps related to life in ancient Mesopotamia, including the Sumerians, the Akkadian Empire, the Assyrian ...The First City . The first cities which fit both Chandler's and Wirth's definitions of a `city' (and, also the early work of the archaeologist Childe) developed in the region known as Mesopotamia between 4500 and 3100 BCE. The city of Uruk, today considered the oldest in the world, was first settled in c. 4500 BCE and walled cities, for defence, …published on 13 January 2023. Download Full Size Image. A visual timeline illustrating the development of what most consider the “cradle of civilization ” - Mesopotamia (meaning “the land between two rivers,” the Tigris and. Euphrates) from the emergence of small tribal settlements in the Stone Age through various civilizations spanning ...

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Mesopotamia’s name comes from the ancient Greek word for “the land between the rivers.”. That’s a reference to the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, the twin sources of water for a region that ...History of Mesopotamia is an article that explores the origins, achievements, and legacy of one of the world's oldest civilizations. Learn how Mesopotamia shaped the history and culture of the Middle East and beyond, from the invention of writing and law to the rise and fall of empires. Discover the rich heritage of the land between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, and compare it with other ...Ancient Mesopotamia, located in the Fertile Crescent between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, witnessed the emergence of cities and empires primarily due to the vital role of agriculture.The rich alluvial soil and access to water sources allowed the Mesopotamians to develop sophisticated agriculture and by irrigation systems, which …Explore more related searches. Ancient Babylon Map · City of Babylon · Old Babylon Map · Historic Babylon · Vintage Babylon Map · Cradle Civiliza...The cradle of civilization. Some of the earliest complex urban centers can be found in Mesopotamia between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers (early cities also arose in the Indus Valley and ancient China). The history of Mesopotamia, however, is inextricably tied to the greater region, which is comprised of the modern nations of Egypt, Iran ...Assyria, kingdom of northern Mesopotamia that became the centre of one of the great empires of the ancient Middle East. It was located in what is now northern Iraq and southeastern Turkey. A brief treatment of Assyria follows. For full treatment, see Mesopotamia, history of: The Rise of Assyria. Assyria was a dependency of Babylonia …Check out our mesopotamia map selection for the very best in unique or custom, handmade pieces from our prints shops.Sumer and Akkad from 2350 to 2000. bce. Bronze head of a king, perhaps Sargon of Akkad, from Nineveh (now in Iraq), Akkadian period, c. 2300 bce; in the Iraq Museum, Baghdad. There are several reasons for taking the …The ancient city of Ashur (Assur) was located on the west bank of the river Tigris in northern Mesopotamia.Although it had controlled an extensive trading network in the early second millennium B.C. and formed a core area of the empire of Shamshi-Adad I (r. 1813–1781 B.C.), the city had slipped into the shadows in the following centuries. All of these elements were paralleled in ancient Mesopotamian cities such as Ur and Nippur by 2000 BCE, and most are in evidence much earlier. Life today may be faster paced, but the overall concerns have not really changed. We all need housing and food, work and leisure, family and friends. ….

Mesopotamia and Egypt to c. 1600 bce. The oldest known urban and literate culture in the world was developed by the Sumerians in Mesopotamia beginning in the late 4th millennium bce.About 2300 bce Sargon I, leader of a Semitic-speaking people, conquered all of Babylonia and founded the first dynasty of Akkad (Akkadu), which held power for …Ancient Mesopotamia had many languages and cultures; its history is broken up into many periods and eras; it had no real geographic unity, and above all no permanent capital city, so that by its very variety it stands out from other civilizations with greater uniformity, particularly that of Egypt. The script and the pantheon constitute the ...When it comes to navigating through unfamiliar cities, car directions maps can be indispensable tools. Whether you’re a seasoned traveler or simply exploring a new destination, hav...Map. Bibliography. Anglim, S. Fighting Techniques of the Ancient World, 3000 BCE-500 CE. Amber Books, 2013. Bertman, S. Handbook to Life in Ancient Mesopotamia. Oxford University Press, 2005. Durant, W. ... Nineveh was a significant city in Mesopotamia between c. 3000-612 BCE. It is referenced in the Bible as a site of sin …Oct 20, 2021 · Mesopotamian inventions include many items taken for granted today, most of which were created during the Early Dynastic Period (2900-2334 BCE) or developed from achievements of the Uruk Period (4100-2900 BCE). The Sumerians are credited with the earliest inventions, which were further developed in the Akkadian Period (2334-2218 BCE) and then ... What is happening in Iraq in 1500BCE. Over the past thousand years, kingdoms and empires have come and gone in Mesopotamia.The first recorded empire in world history appeared briefly under the fierce Sargon and his descendants (c. 2334 to 2218 BCE), and the powerful states of Ur (2112 to 2004 BCE) followed.. The civilization of Ancient …What is happening in Middle East in 3500BCE The first civilizations. Farming has been established for thousands of years in the Middle East, and in the river valleys of ancient Mesopotamia the first true civilization in world history is appearing, that of the Sumerians.. The Sumerians live in large communities of many thousands of people – the earliest cities.Other ancient cities in Mesopotamia, such as Uruk, also date back to around that time. Additionally, other sites outside of Mesopotamia, such as Catalhoyuk (located in Turkey) and Jericho (located ...Abstract. This article discusses the key aspects of Mesopotamian cities, including the earliest ‘organic’ examples in late pre-history ( c .3850 bce, Late Chalcolithic Period) and the artificial cities of the first millennium bce (Neo-Assyrian and Neo-Babylonian empires). It explores the definition and origins of Mesopotamian cities and ... Mesopotamia is thought to be one of the places where early civilization developed. It is a historic region of West Asia within the Tigris-Euphrates river system. In fact, the word Mesopotamia means "between rivers" in Greek. Home to the ancient civilizations of Sumer, Assyria, and Babylonia these peoples are credited with influencing mathematics and astronomy. Use these classroom resources to ... Map of cities in mesopotamia, Ø Mesopotamia is oldest civilization where writing and city life started firstly. It derived from two Greek words mesos meaning middle and Potamas meaning river. Ø Mesopotamia means land between two rivers-Euphrates and Tigris. Today it is part of Iraq. Ø Mesopotamia was known for its Writing, City life, Trade Literature, Mathematics ..., Map of Mesopotamia. Shown are Washukanni, Nineveh, Hatra, Assur, Nuzi, Palmyra, Mari, Sippar, Babylon, Kish, Nippur, Isin, Lagash, Uruk, Charax Spasinu and Ur, from north to south., Akkad was the seat of the Akkadian Empire (2334-2218 BCE), the first multi-national political entity in the world, founded by Sargon the Great (r. 2334-2279 BCE) who unified Mesopotamia under his rule and set the model for later Mesopotamian kings to follow or attempt to surpass. The Akkadian Empire set a number of "firsts' which would …, Some Mesopotamian public works included sewer drainage systems, public baths, private baths and wells. Other public works included city walls, royal palaces and stepped temples cal..., Nov 10, 2020 · Mesopotamia’s name comes from the ancient Greek word for “the land between the rivers.”. That’s a reference to the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, the twin sources of water for a region that ... , Review the map below showing the spread of cities in Mesopotamia, and then determine the accuracy of the following statement: urbanization spread from north to south in Mesopotamia, resulting in the southern Mesopotamian cities controlling the entire region by 2300 BCE. , Alabaster, Early Dynastic III (2550–2500 BC); found in Telloh, ancient city of Girsu. The history of Sumer spans the 5th to 3rd millennia BCE in southern Mesopotamia, and is taken to include the prehistoric Ubaid and Uruk periods. Sumer was the region's earliest known civilization and ended with the downfall of the Third Dynasty of Ur around ..., Explain the function of a ziggurat in a Sumerian city-state. 4a. What is cuneiform? b. Write the symbol for Bird, Cow, and Water ..., Some key cities and regions depicted in the Map Archive’s Mesopotamia map collection include Ur, Babylon, Nineveh, and Uruk. These cities were centres of ancient Mesopotamian civilization, showcasing advancements in urban planning, architecture, and culture. Additionally, the Tigris and Euphrates rivers prominently feature on the map, as they ... , Nov 18, 2015 ... Go to channel · ASMR ~ Maps of the First Cities! Judea, Mesopotamia, Babylon, America, Persia ~ Soft Spoken. ASMR Geographica•2.3K views · 10:03., Map of Mesopotamia c.2000-1600 BC. This general map of Mesopotamia and its neighbouring territories roughly covers the period between 2000-1600 BC. It reveals the concentration of city states in Sumer, in the south. This is where the first true city states arose, although the cities of northern Mesopotamia and Syria were roughly …, Overview. Mesopotamian civilizations formed on the banks of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in what is today Iraq and Kuwait. Early civilizations began to form around the time of the Neolithic Revolution—12000 BCE. Some …, Uruk at Its Height. By 5,000 years ago Uruk held 40,000–50,000 people, and after another few hundred years it reached its peak of 50,000–80,000 inhabitants. By that time there were 11 other cities between the rivers, and they engaged in frequent warfare with each other over land, water, and other resources. Priests gradually had to share ..., Definition. Ancient Mesopotamian Government was based on the understanding that human beings were created to help and serve the gods. The high priest, king, assembly of elders, governors, and any other officials were recognized as stewards chosen by the gods to care for the people in the same way a father was expected to …, A Map of Mesopotamia's General Location including Rivers cities and other land Features., Print. In ancient times, Mesopotamia, meaning ‘land between two rivers’, was a vast region that lay between the Tigris and Euphrates river systems, and it is where civilization emerged over 7,000 years ago. The first inhabitants, the Sumerians, established an advanced system writing, spectacular arts and architecture, astronomy and …, In 3000 BCE, Mesopotamia was a land of city-states 1 ‍ . Most people lived in walled cities under the rule of a king. Dozens of city-states along the Tigris and Euphrates fought with each other in a struggle for power and limited resources. Around 2334 BCE, one city grew powerful enough to start conquering the others. , Urbanization is the process by which rural communities grow to form cities, or urban centers, and, by extension, the growth and expansion of those cities.Urbanization began in ancient Mesopotamia in the Uruk Period (4300-3100 BCE) for reasons scholars have not yet agreed on. It is speculated, however, that a particularly prosperous and …, We are a non-profit organization publishing the world's most-read history encyclopedia.Our mission is to engage people with cultural heritage and to improve history education worldwide., Ur was a city in the region of Sumer, southern Mesopotamia, and its ruins lie in what is modern-day Tell el-Muqayyar, Iraq. According to biblical tradition, the city is named after the man who founded the first settlement there, Ur, though this has been challenged. The city is famous for its biblical associations and as an ancient trade center., Map showing the extent of Mesopotamia. The geography of Mesopotamia, encompassing its ethnology and history, centered on the two great rivers, the Tigris and Euphrates. , Origins. The first civilization in human history was that of the Sumerians. This emerged in the mid-4th millennium BCE, with the appearance of the first cities on the …, Overview. Mesopotamian civilizations formed on the banks of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in what is today Iraq and Kuwait. Early civilizations began to form around the time of the Neolithic Revolution—12000 BCE. Some of the major Mesopotamian civilizations include the Sumerian, Assyrian, Akkadian, and Babylonian civilizations., Some key cities and regions depicted in the Map Archive’s Mesopotamia map collection include Ur, Babylon, Nineveh, and Uruk. These cities were centres of ancient Mesopotamian civilization, showcasing advancements in urban planning, architecture, and culture. Additionally, the Tigris and Euphrates rivers prominently feature on the map, as they ... , Map of early Mesopotamia. ... One of Mesopotamia's cities, Uruk, was where cuneiform writing was first developed. Another large city, Ur, was the site of many ziggurats, city centers and shrines., Writing and City Life Important Extra Questions Long Answer Type. Question 1. Narrate the important characteristics of Mesopotamia civilization and explain how archaeologists could explain so many things about the cities, the culture, society, and family traits of that period. Answer: The important characteristics of …, Overview. Mesopotamian civilizations formed on the banks of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in what is today Iraq and Kuwait. Early civilizations began to form around the time of the Neolithic Revolution—12000 BCE. Some of the major Mesopotamian civilizations include the Sumerian, Assyrian, Akkadian, and Babylonian civilizations., Nov 10, 2020 · Mesopotamia’s name comes from the ancient Greek word for “the land between the rivers.”. That’s a reference to the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, the twin sources of water for a region that ... , Hattusa’s present-day location is at Boğazkale District of the Çorum Province, close to Ankara, Turkey. The ancient city of Hattusa entered the UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1986. Tags: Akkad Babylon Code of Hammurabi Hattusa Mesopotamia cities Nimrud Persepolis Ur Uruk. Get to know more about the 9 greatest cities in Ancient Mesopotamia ..., Babylonia, ancient cultural region occupying southeastern Mesopotamia between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers (modern southern Iraq from around Baghdad to the Persian Gulf ). Because the city of Babylon was the capital of this area for so many centuries, the term Babylonia has come to refer to the entire culture that developed in …, Cities generate challenges as well as confer advantages on their inhabitants. Recent excavations and surveys in northern Mesopotamia have revealed extensive settlements with diverse populations, institutions, extended hinterlands, and mass production by the early fourth millennium BC, comparable to well-known evidence for …, Map of Mesopotamia c.2000-1600 BC. This general map of Mesopotamia and its neighbouring territories roughly covers the period between 2000-1600 BC. It reveals the concentration of city states in Sumer, in the south. This is where the first true city states arose, although the cities of northern Mesopotamia and Syria were roughly contemporaneous. , Map of the Ancient Middle East in 3500 BCE, showing the merging Sumerian civilization in Mesopotamia. Maps telling the story of Ancient Mesopotamia . Timeline of Ancient Mesopotamian Civilization. c. 5000-3500 BCE: The first city-states gradually develop in southern Mesopotamia. This is the achievement of the Sumerian people.