Newadvent org

Includes the Catholic Encyclopedia, Church Fathers, Summa, Bible and more — all for only $19.99... A discourse by the most blessed Hippolytus, bishop and martyr, on the end of the world, and on Antichrist, and on the second coming of our lord Jesus Christ.

An indulgence is the extra-sacramental remission of the temporal punishment due, in God's justice, to sin that has been forgiven, which remission is granted by the Church in the exercise of the power of the keys, through the application of the superabundant merits of Christ and of the saints, and for some just and reasonable motive. Polycarp, and the presbyters with him, to the Church of God sojourning at Philippi: Mercy to you, and peace from God Almighty, and from the Lord Jesus Christ, our Saviour, be multiplied. Chapter 1. Praise of the Philippians. I have greatly rejoiced with you in our Lord Jesus Christ, because you have followed the example of true love [as ... Includes the Catholic Encyclopedia, Church Fathers, Summa, Bible and more — all for only $19.99... The word relics comes from the Latin reliquiae (the counterpart of the Greek leipsana) which already before the propagation of Christianity was used in its modern sense, viz., of some object, notably part of the body or clothes, …Includes the Catholic Encyclopedia, Church Fathers, Summa, Bible and more — all for only $19.99... Youngest son of Don Beltrán Yañez de Oñez y Loyola and Marina Saenz de Lieona y Balda (the name López de Recalde, though accepted by the Bollandist Father Pien, is a copyist's blunder). Born in 1491 at the castle of Loyola …In today’s digital world, websites play a significant role in disseminating information and connecting people from all walks of life. One such website that has gained immense popul...

My email address is feedback732 at newadvent.org. (To help fight spam, this address might change occasionally.) (To help fight spam, this address might change occasionally.) Regrettably, I can't reply to every letter, but I greatly appreciate your feedback — especially notifications about typographical errors and inappropriate …The following are the most important: Canon 1: Exposition of the Catholic Faith and of the dogma of Transubstantiation. Canon 2: Condemnation of the doctrines of Joachim of Flora and of Amaury. Canon 3: Procedure and penalties against heretics and their protectors. Canon 4: Exhortation to the Greeks to reunite with the Roman Church and accept ...Includes the Catholic Encyclopedia, Church Fathers, Summa, Bible and more — all for only $19.99... Founder of the Franciscan Order, born at Assisi in Umbria, in 1181 or 1182 — the exact year is uncertain; died there, 3 October, 1226. His father, Pietro Bernardone, was a wealthy Assisian cloth merchant. Of his mother, Pica, little is known ... Includes the Catholic Encyclopedia, Church Fathers, Summa, Bible and more — all for only $19.99... St. Brendan of Ardfert and Clonfert, known also as Brendan the Voyager, was born in Ciarraighe Luachra, near the present city of Tralee, County Kerry, Ireland, in 484; he died at Enachduin, now Annaghdown, in 577. The prohibition of work made it necessary to prepare food, and whatever might be needed, the day before the Sabbath, hence known as the day of preparation, or Parasceve ( paraskeue; Matthew 27:62; Mark 15:42; etc.). Besides abstention from work, special religious observances were prescribed. (a) The daily sacrifices were doubled, that is two ... As a virtue. Chastity is the virtue which excludes or moderates the indulgence of the sexual appetite. It is a form of the virtue of temperance, which controls according to right reason the desire for and use of those things which afford the greatest sensual pleasures. The sources of such delectation are food and drink, by means of which the ...Audio. Listen to interview with Kevin Knight (mp3) (8 minutes) Text. Brandon: Welcome to this special interview, where today I have the great pleasure of talking with Kevin Knight. Kevin runs the really popular Catholic website NewAdvent.org, and has joined me from Denver, Colorado to talk about his background, his work at New Advent, and how he got …One delicate neck carries about it forests and islands. The slender lobes of the ears exhaust a fortune; and the left hand, with its every finger, sports with a several money-bag. Such is the strength of ambition — (equal) to bearing on one small body, and that a woman's, the product of so copious wealth.

In today’s digital world, websites play a significant role in disseminating information and connecting people from all walks of life. One such website that has gained immense popul...Three short letters of Eusebius are printed in Migne, P.L., XII, 947-54 and X, 713-14. St. Jerome (Illustrious Men 56 and Epistle 51, no. 2) ascribes to him a Latin translation of a commentary on the Psalms, written originally in Greek by Eusebius of Cæsarea; but this work has been lost.There is preserved in the cathedral at … Saint Valentine's Day. The popular customs associated with Saint Valentine's Day undoubtedly had their origin in a conventional belief generally received in England and France during the Middle Ages, that on 14 February, i.e. half way through the second month of the year, the birds began to pair. Thus in Chaucer's Parliament of Foules we read: Includes the Catholic Encyclopedia, Church Fathers, Summa, Bible and more — all for only $19.99... Philosopher, theologian, doctor of the Church ( Angelicus Doctor ), patron of Catholic universities, colleges, and schools. Born at Rocca Secca in the Kingdom of Naples, 1225 or 1227; died at Fossa Nuova, 7 March, 1274.

Best and free antivirus software.

Birth and education. From St. Paul himself we know that he was born at Tarsus in Cilicia ( Acts 21:39 ), of a father who was a Roman citizen ( Acts 22:26-28; cf. 16:37 ), of a family in which piety was hereditary ( 2 Timothy 1:3) and which was much attached to Pharisaic traditions and observances ( Philippians 3:5-6 ). The prohibition of work made it necessary to prepare food, and whatever might be needed, the day before the Sabbath, hence known as the day of preparation, or Parasceve ( paraskeue; Matthew 27:62; Mark 15:42; etc.). Besides abstention from work, special religious observances were prescribed. (a) The daily sacrifices were doubled, that is two ... My email address is feedback732 at newadvent.org. (To help fight spam, this address might change occasionally.) (To help fight spam, this address might change occasionally.) Regrettably, I can't reply to every letter, but I greatly appreciate your feedback — especially notifications about typographical errors and inappropriate …Includes the Catholic Encyclopedia, Church Fathers, Summa, Bible and more — all for only $19.99... A theological science which has for its purpose the explanation and defence of the Christian religion. Apologetics means, broadly speaking, a form of apology. The term is derived from the Latin adjective, apologeticus, which, in turn …

The Didache. Please help support the mission of New Advent and get the full contents of this website as an instant download. Includes the Catholic Encyclopedia, Church Fathers, Summa, … To love God is to wish Him all honour and glory and every good, and to endeavour, as far as we can, to obtain it for Him. St. John ( 14:23; 15:14) emphasizes the feature of reciprocity which makes charity a veritable friendship of man with God. (4) Its motive, i.e., the Divine goodness or amiability taken absolutely and as made known to us by ... Kevin runs the really popular Catholic website NewAdvent.org, and has joined me from Denver, Colorado to talk about his background, his work at New Advent, and how he got into this … Includes the Catholic Encyclopedia, Church Fathers, Summa, Bible and more — all for only $19.99... A collection of writings which the Church of God has solemnly recognized as inspired. The name is derived from the Greek expression biblia (the books), which came into use in the early centuries of Christianity to designate the whole sacred volume. Blessed are the merciful: for they shall obtain mercy. ( Verse 7) Blessed are the clean of heart: for they shall see God. ( Verse 8) Blessed are the peacemakers: for they shall be called the children of God. ( Verse 9) Blessed are they that suffer persecution for justice' sake, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven. Absalom, son of David. He is third in the order mentioned by the chronicler ( 2 Samuel 3:2, 3) of the sons born at Hebron during the first turbulent years of David's reign over Judah, when Isboseth, son of Saul, still claimed by right of inheritance to rule over Israel. His mother was Maacha, daughter of Tholmai, King of Gessur.My email address is feedback732 at newadvent.org. (To help fight spam, this address might change occasionally.) (To help fight spam, this address might change occasionally.) Regrettably, I can't reply to every letter, but I greatly appreciate your feedback — especially notifications about typographical errors and inappropriate ads.My email address is feedback732 at newadvent.org. (To help fight spam, this address might change occasionally.) (To help fight spam, this address might change occasionally.) Regrettably, I can't reply to every letter, but I greatly appreciate your feedback — especially notifications about typographical errors and inappropriate ads.Includes the Catholic Encyclopedia, Church Fathers, Summa, Bible and more — all for only $19.99... The earliest document commemorating this feast comes from the sixth century. St. Romanus, the great ecclesiastical lyrist of the Greek Church, composed for it a hymn (Card. Pitra, "Hymnogr. Graeca", Paris, 1876, 199) which is a poetical sketch ...Dec 8, 2010 · Luke 1:28. The salutation of the angel Gabriel — chaire kecharitomene, Hail, full of grace ( Luke 1:28) indicates a unique abundance of grace, a supernatural, godlike state of soul, which finds its explanation only in the Immaculate Conception of Mary. But the term kecharitomene (full of grace) serves only as an illustration, not as a proof ... If you are a medical professional looking for comprehensive resources and benefits, you may have heard of ACP Benefits Org. One of the biggest benefits of applying for ACP Benefits...

Regarding his rank in the celestial hierarchy opinions vary; St. Basil (Hom. de angelis) and other Greek Fathers, also Salmeron, Bellarmine, etc., place St. Michael over all the angels; they say he is called "archangel" because he is the prince of the other angels; others (cf. P. Bonaventura, op. cit.) believe that he is the prince of …

The distinctive mark of the Catholic is to belong to the Church, to depend on the Church outside of which there is no salvation; on the contrary, he who leaves the Church walks in darkness, he is a heretic. It is through the principle of authority that Origen is wont to unmask and combat doctrinal errors.As St. Thomas says: Confirmation is to baptism what growth is to generation. Now it is clear that a man cannot advance to a perfect age unless he has first been born; in like manner, unless he has first been baptized he cannot receive the Sacrament of Confirmation ( Summa Theologiæ III.72.6 ).Nuns properly so called. Nuns properly so-called have solemn vows with a strict enclosure, regulated by pontifical law which prevents the religious from going out (except in very rare cases, approved by the regular superior and the bishop ), and also the entrance of strangers, even females, under pain of excommunication.Jehovah is composed of the abbreviated forms of the imperfect, the participle, and the perfect of the Hebrew verb "to be" ( ye=yehi; ho=howeh; wa=hawah ). According to this explanation, the meaning of Jehovah would be "he who will be, is, and has been". But such a word-formation has no analogy in the Hebrew language. My email address is feedback732 at newadvent.org. (To help fight spam, this address might change occasionally.) (To help fight spam, this address might change occasionally.) Regrettably, I can't reply to every letter, but I greatly appreciate your feedback — especially notifications about typographical errors and inappropriate ads. If you are a member of Kaiser Permanente (KP), you may be familiar with the term “kp org welcome.” KP.org is an online platform that provides members with a wide range of tools and...Nevertheless, she became the lawful wife of Constantius Chlorus. Her first and only son, Constantine, was born in Naissus in Upper Moesia, in the year 274. The statement made by English chroniclers of the Middle Ages, according to which Helena was supposed to have been the daughter of a British prince, is entirely without historical foundation.Includes the Catholic Encyclopedia, Church Fathers, Summa, Bible and more — all for only $19.99... Abduction may be considered as a public crime and a matrimonial diriment impediment. Viewed as a crime, it is a carrying off by force, physical or moral, of any virtuous woman, or even man, from a free and safe place to another place morally ...Includes the Catholic Encyclopedia, Church Fathers, Summa, Bible and more — all for only $19.99... Youngest son of Don Beltrán Yañez de Oñez y Loyola and Marina Saenz de Lieona y Balda (the name López de Recalde, though accepted by the Bollandist Father Pien, is a copyist's blunder). Born in 1491 at the castle of Loyola …

Cloud hosting business.

Full hunger games catching fire movie.

Includes the Catholic Encyclopedia, Church Fathers, Summa, Bible and more — all for only $19.99... A priest of the Church of Antioch who suffered martyrdom (7 January, 312), during the reign of Maximinus Daza. According to a tradition preserved by Suidas (s.v.), Lucian was born at Samosata, of pious parents, and was educated in the ...Includes the Catholic Encyclopedia, Church Fathers, Summa, Bible and more — all for only $19.99... St. Augustine of Hippo (354-430) was one of the most prolific geniuses that humanity has ever known, and is admired not only for the number of his works, but also for the variety of subjects, which traverse the whole realm of thought.Includes the Catholic Encyclopedia, Church Fathers, Summa, Bible and more — all for only $19.99... Youngest son of Don Beltrán Yañez de Oñez y Loyola and Marina Saenz de Lieona y Balda (the name López de Recalde, though accepted by the Bollandist Father Pien, is a copyist's blunder). Born in 1491 at the castle of Loyola …The female superior in spirituals and temporals of a community of twelve or more nuns. With a few necessary exceptions, the position of an Abbess in her convent corresponds generally with that of an Abbot in his monastery. The title was originally the distinctive appellation of Benedictine superiors, but in the course of time it came to be ... In the Western Church. "The Rosary", says the Roman Breviary, "is a certain form of prayer wherein we say fifteen decades or tens of Hail Marys with an Our Father between each ten, while at each of these fifteen decades we recall successively in pious meditation one of the mysteries of our Redemption ." The same lesson for the Feast of the Holy ... Includes the Catholic Encyclopedia, Church Fathers, Summa, Bible and more — all for only $19.99... Chapter 1. Introduction. Origin of the Treatise. Happy is our sacrament of water, in that, by washing away the sins of our early blindness, we …Saint Valentine's Day. The popular customs associated with Saint Valentine's Day undoubtedly had their origin in a conventional belief generally received in England and France during the Middle Ages, that on 14 February, i.e. half way through the second month of the year, the birds began to pair. Thus in Chaucer's Parliament …The moment you return home is the ideal time to update your list for next time. Do you have something you’re always forgetting to bring on your travels? For a while I was always fo...Born at Montemoro Novo, Portugal, 8 March, 1495, of devout Christian parents; died at Granada, 8 March, 1550. The wonders attending the saints birth heralded a life many-sided in its interests, but dominated throughout by implicit fidelity to the grace of God. A Spanish priest whom he followed to Oropeza, Spain, in his ninth year left him in ... ….

An indulgence is the extra-sacramental remission of the temporal punishment due, in God's justice, to sin that has been forgiven, which remission is granted by the Church in the exercise of the power of the keys, through the application of the superabundant merits of Christ and of the saints, and for some just and reasonable motive.Includes the Catholic Encyclopedia, Church Fathers, Summa, Bible and more — all for only $19.99... Philosopher, theologian, doctor of the Church ( Angelicus Doctor ), patron of Catholic universities, colleges, and schools. Born at Rocca Secca in the Kingdom of Naples, 1225 or 1227; died at Fossa Nuova, 7 March, 1274.Includes the Catholic Encyclopedia, Church Fathers, Summa, Bible and more — all for only $19.99... The question of free will, moral liberty, or the liberum arbitrium of the Schoolmen, ranks amongst the three or four most important philosophical problems of all time. It ramifies into ethics, theology, metaphysics, and psychology.Mar 17, 2011 · A blessing on their glens, A blessing on their ridges. Like the sand of the sea under ships, Be the number in their hearths; On slopes, on plains, On mountains, on hills, a blessing. St. Patrick continued until his death to visit and watch over the churches which he had founded in all the provinces in Ireland. My email address is feedback732 at newadvent.org. (To help fight spam, this address might change occasionally.) (To help fight spam, this address might change occasionally.) Regrettably, I can't reply to every letter, but I greatly appreciate your feedback — especially notifications about typographical errors and inappropriate ads.Includes the Catholic Encyclopedia, Church Fathers, Summa, Bible and more — all for only $19.99... Chapter 1. Introduction. Origin of the Treatise. Happy is our sacrament of water, in that, by washing away the sins of our early blindness, we … Includes the Catholic Encyclopedia, Church Fathers, Summa, Bible and more — all for only $19.99... St. Brendan of Ardfert and Clonfert, known also as Brendan the Voyager, was born in Ciarraighe Luachra, near the present city of Tralee, County Kerry, Ireland, in 484; he died at Enachduin, now Annaghdown, in 577. Includes the Catholic Encyclopedia, Church Fathers, Summa, Bible and more — all for only $19.99... St. Brendan of Ardfert and Clonfert, known also as Brendan the Voyager, was born in Ciarraighe Luachra, near the present city of Tralee, County Kerry, Ireland, in 484; he died at Enachduin, now Annaghdown, in 577.Among the six thousand converts of John of Montecorvino was a Nestorian king named George, of the race of the priest John, a vassal of the great khan, mentioned by Marco Polo. After he had worked alone for eleven years, a German associate, Arnold of Cologne, was sent to him (1304). In 1307 Clement V, highly pleased with the missionary's success ... Newadvent org, The following are the most important: Canon 1: Exposition of the Catholic Faith and of the dogma of Transubstantiation. Canon 2: Condemnation of the doctrines of Joachim of Flora and of Amaury. Canon 3: Procedure and penalties against heretics and their protectors. Canon 4: Exhortation to the Greeks to reunite with the Roman Church and accept ..., Medicine Matters Sharing successes, challenges and daily happenings in the Department of Medicine Dr. Sanjay Desai, professor in the Division of Pulmonary, vice chair for education..., Carthage (June 15)— 409. (June 14)— 410. (May 1)— 418. (May 25) which adopted the African Code — 419. The numbering of the African councils differs very widely between the different writers, and Cave reckons nine between 401 and 608, and thirty-five Carthaginian between 215 and 533., The church built over the grave of Sts. Nereus and Achilleus in the Via Ardeatina, is of the latter part of the fourth century; it is a three-naved basilica, and was discovered by de Rossi in the Catacomb of Domitilla. Amongst the numerous objects found in the ruins were two pillars which had supported the giborium ornamented with sculptures ..., In the world of business, there’s a slew of reasons why you may need an org chart. But while you can use different types of presentation software or specialty applications to creat..., The Church celebrates the feast of St. Ignatius on 1 February. The character of St. Ignatius, as deduced from his own and the extant writings of his contemporaries, is that of a true athlete of Christ. The triple honor of apostle, bishop, and martyr was well merited by this energetic soldier of the Faith. An enthusiastic devotion to …, The following are the most important: Canon 1: Exposition of the Catholic Faith and of the dogma of Transubstantiation. Canon 2: Condemnation of the doctrines of Joachim of Flora and of Amaury. Canon 3: Procedure and penalties against heretics and their protectors. Canon 4: Exhortation to the Greeks to reunite with the Roman Church and accept ..., Includes the Catholic Encyclopedia, Church Fathers, Summa, Bible and more — all for only $19.99... ( a privative, and theos, God, i.e. without God ). Atheism is that system of thought which is formally opposed to theism. Since its first coming into use the term atheism has been very vaguely employed, generally as an epithet of …, The novel The Damnation of Theron Ware, published in 1896, unspools the tale of a young Methodist minister who, thanks to Catholics, science, bohemianism, and good old American …, Origin of the word. The word for Christmas in late Old English is Cristes Maesse, the Mass of Christ, first found in 1038, and Cristes-messe, in 1131. In Dutch it is Kerstmis, in Latin Dies Natalis, whence comes the French Noël, and Italian Il natale; in German Weihnachtsfest, from the preceeding sacred vigil. The term Yule is of disputed origin. , Chapter 19 Passages of Scripture by which they attempt to prove that the supreme Father was unknown before the coming of Christ. Chapter 20 The apocryphal and spurious scriptures of the Marcosians, with passages of the Gospels which they pervert. Chapter 21 The views of redemption entertained by these heretics. , It was restored to Catholic purposes in 1821 and 1852, having been secularized as a national mausoleum in 1831 and, finally, in 1885. St. Genevieve's relics were preserved in her church, with great devotion, for centuries, and Paris received striking proof of the efficacy of her intercession. She saved the city from complete …, Includes the Catholic Encyclopedia, Church Fathers, Summa, Bible and more — all for only $19.99... Chronology (Greek chronos time, logos, discourse), the science of time-measurement, has two branches: Mathematical Chronology, which determines the units to be employed in measuring time, and. Historical Chronology, of which we here treat, and ..., Nuns properly so called. Nuns properly so-called have solemn vows with a strict enclosure, regulated by pontifical law which prevents the religious from going out (except in very rare cases, approved by the regular superior and the bishop ), and also the entrance of strangers, even females, under pain of excommunication., Prophecy of St. Paul of the Cross. During more than fifty years St. Paul of the Cross was accustomed to pray for the return of England to the Catholic Faith, and on several occasions had visions and revelations about its re-conversion. In spirit he saw the Passionists established in England and labouring there for the conversion and ..., Regarding his rank in the celestial hierarchy opinions vary; St. Basil (Hom. de angelis) and other Greek Fathers, also Salmeron, Bellarmine, etc., place St. Michael over all the angels; they say he is called "archangel" because he is the prince of the other angels; others (cf. P. Bonaventura, op. cit.) believe that he is the prince of …, Division of vows. The vow properly so called is made to God alone, but promises made to the saints have a certain resemblance to vows and are often accompanied by a vow, as we have already seen. A vow may be the act of a private person, or the act of a superior representing a community., The Didache. Please help support the mission of New Advent and get the full contents of this website as an instant download. Includes the Catholic Encyclopedia, Church Fathers, Summa, …, HOLY GHOST: The person of the Holy Ghost, Who is called three things: Holy Ghost (36), Love (37) and Gift (38). THE THREE COMPARED: The person in reference to the essence (39), with the relations or properties (40), or to the notional acts (41). The equality and likeness (42) of the persons. Their mission (43)., Includes the Catholic Encyclopedia, Church Fathers, Summa, Bible and more — all for only $19.99... Discusses the root-meaning of the name "God", which is derived from Gothic and Sanskrit roots. Formal dogmatic Atheism is self-refuting, and has never won the reasoned assent of any considerable number of men. Nor can Polytheism ever satisfy the ..., Name, meaning, and origin. The scapular (from Latin, scapula, shoulder) forms a part, and now the most important part, of the habit of the monastic orders. Other orders and numerous religious congregations (both male and female) have also adopted the scapular from the monastic orders. It is usually worn over the habit or soutane., The object of these feasts is the spiritual martyrdom of the Mother of God and her compassion with the sufferings of her Divine Son. (1) The seven founders of the Servite Order, in 1239, five years after they established themselves on Monte Senario, took up the sorrows of Mary, standing under the Cross, as the principal …, My email address is feedback732 at newadvent.org. (To help fight spam, this address might change occasionally.) (To help fight spam, this address might change occasionally.) Regrettably, I can't reply to every letter, but I greatly appreciate your feedback — especially notifications about typographical errors and inappropriate ads. , If you’re a member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, you may be familiar with the convenience of shopping on store.lds.org. This online store offers a wide range ..., My email address is feedback732 at newadvent.org. (To help fight spam, this address might change occasionally.) (To help fight spam, this address might change occasionally.) Regrettably, I can't reply to every letter, but I greatly appreciate your feedback — especially notifications about typographical errors and inappropriate …, Family history is an important part of our lives, and it can be a fun and rewarding experience to uncover the stories of our ancestors. With the help of FamilySearch.org, you can e..., Includes the Catholic Encyclopedia, Church Fathers, Summa, Bible and more — all for only $19.99... Philosopher, theologian, doctor of the Church ( Angelicus Doctor ), patron of Catholic universities, colleges, and schools. Born at Rocca Secca in the Kingdom of Naples, 1225 or 1227; died at Fossa Nuova, 7 March, 1274. , Get ratings and reviews for the top 12 pest companies in Vandalia, OH. Helping you find the best pest companies for the job. Expert Advice On Improving Your Home All Projects Featu..., The various kinds of form recognized in philosophy include the following, of which brief definitions are given. Substantial form, in material entities, is that which determines or actuates materia prima (see MATTER) to a specific substantial nature or essence, as the form of hydrogen, a rose, horse, or man.It is defined by …, Origin of the word. The word for Christmas in late Old English is Cristes Maesse, the Mass of Christ, first found in 1038, and Cristes-messe, in 1131. In Dutch it is Kerstmis, in Latin Dies Natalis, whence comes the French Noël, and Italian Il natale; in German Weihnachtsfest, from the preceeding sacred vigil. The term Yule is of disputed origin., Confession. So far as priestly assistance goes the first step in the process of preparation for death is the receiving of the patient's confession and the conferring of sacramental absolution. Indeed, inasmuch as it offers the ordinary means of reconciliation with God, it is the most indispensable factor in helping the soul to qualify for its ..., Includes the Catholic Encyclopedia, Church Fathers, Summa, Bible and more — all for only $19.99... A celebrated Apostolic Constitution of Clement XI, condemning 101 propositions of Pasquier Quesnel. In 1671 Quesnel had published a book entitled "Abrégé de la morale de l'Evangile". It contained the Four Gospels in French, with short notes ..., The pall is a small square of stiffened linen ornamented with a cross, which is laid upon the orifice of the chalice to protect its contents from flies or dust. The word pallium, or palla, was originally used of all kinds of coverings, notably of what we …